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Even short-term exposure can irritate the lungs of healthy people. For those with medical conditions like asthma, just a short time spent breathing these pollutants has been shown to increase the risks of an emergency room visit or hospital stay.
For these residents—especially the very young and elderly—this air pollution can lead to respiratory diseases such as emphysema and bronchitis. NOx pollution can also worsen asthma and heart disease and is tied to elevated risks of premature death. In order to transform public opinion about diesel cars, Volkswagen marketed the diesel engines in their fleet of cars as new and clean-burning.
They said it was a "new era of diesel" and offered their vehicles as alternatives to hybrid cars, which were gobbling up bigger chunks of the market share. There were concerns over the cars' nitrogen oxide emissions, but those were appeased as the little Volkswagen diesel engines met the stringent requirements policed by the U.
Somehow, few other car companies seemed to be able to design and produce their own powerful but thrifty and clean diesel engines. The automaker had programmed its engines to recognize testing conditions and react by automatically operating under parameters that produce very low amounts of nitrogen oxides. When normally driven, however, these cars produce 10 to 40 times the maximum allowable limit.
Thaller, Ephraim I. Environmental Protection Agency. Jiang, Xu-Qin et al. Actively scan device characteristics for identification. Use precise geolocation data. Nitrogen dioxide can fade and discolour furnishings and fabrics, reduce visibility, and react with surfaces. Typical outdoor nitrogen dioxide levels are well below the 1-hour standard and exposure at these levels does not generally increase respiratory symptoms.
This particular reaction is the oxidation of nitric oxide NO to nitrogen dioxide NO 2 by ozone O 3 as shown below:. A photomultiplier tube measures the intensity of the emitted light.
Since 1 NO molecule is required to form 1 NO 2 molecule, the intensity of the chemiluminescent reaction is directly proportional to the NO concentration in the sample. The analyser measures the amount of light emitted and converts this to a concentration. A vacuum pump draws both the air supply for the ozone generator and the ambient air samples into the analyser. The green dot shows the ambient air sample path. NO 2 forms when fossil fuels such as coal, oil, gas or diesel are burned at high temperatures.
NO 2 and other nitrogen oxides in the outdoor air contribute to particle pollution and to the chemical reactions that make ozone. It is one of six widespread air pollutants that have national air quality standards to limit them in the outdoor air. NO 2 can also form indoors when fossil fuels like wood or natural gas are burned.
New research warns that NO 2 is likely to be a cause of asthma in children. A large new study found evidence that people with lung cancer faced greater risk from NO 2 , ozone, and other outdoor air pollutants. The study tracked the air pollution levels from to experienced by more than , cancer patients in California. The researchers found that exposure to these air pollutants shortened their survival.
Looking beyond the lungs, newer research has linked NO 2 to cardiovascular harm, lower birth weight in newborns and increased risk of premature death.
Skip to main content. Nitrogen Dioxide NO2 Pollution. Contact Us. Basic Information about NO2. NO 2 and other NO x interact with water, oxygen and other chemicals in the atmosphere to form acid rain.
Acid rain harms sensitive ecosystems such as lakes and forests.
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