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What is a set of chromosomes called? Complex structures of DNA and protein in the cell nucleus? What are the 23rd pair of chromosomes in humans called? How many chromosomes are in the daughter cells are in mitosis? What are the X and Y chromosomes called? What are similar chromosomes called? What are all other chromosomes called except x and y?
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Other questions:. Help plz!!! ASAP and do i have 7 right. What is the phenomenon called when one gene pair interacts with a second pair to control its expression by either suppressing or. Why are organisms classified A to determine why organisms reproduce. B to determine what characteristics future organism will. Remember me. Not registered? Fast signup. Your nickname. Active Oldest Votes. Improve this answer.
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The unique structure of chromosomes keeps DNA tightly wrapped around spool-like proteins, called histones.
Without such packaging, DNA molecules would be too long to fit inside cells. For example, if all of the DNA molecules in a single human cell were unwound from their histones and placed end-to-end, they would stretch 6 feet. For an organism to grow and function properly, cells must constantly divide to produce new cells to replace old, worn-out cells. During cell division, it is essential that DNA remains intact and evenly distributed among cells. Chromosomes are a key part of the process that ensures DNA is accurately copied and distributed in the vast majority of cell divisions.
Still, mistakes do occur on rare occasions. Changes in the number or structure of chromosomes in new cells may lead to serious problems. For example, in humans, one type of leukemia and some other cancers are caused by defective chromosomes made up of joined pieces of broken chromosomes. It is also crucial that reproductive cells, such as eggs and sperm, contain the right number of chromosomes and that those chromosomes have the correct structure.
If not, the resulting offspring may fail to develop properly. For example, people with Down syndrome have three copies of chromosome 21, instead of the two copies found in other people. Chromosomes vary in number and shape among living things.
Most bacteria have one or two circular chromosomes. Humans, along with other animals and plants, have linear chromosomes that are arranged in pairs within the nucleus of the cell. The only human cells that do not contain pairs of chromosomes are reproductive cells, or gametes, which carry just one copy of each chromosome.
When two reproductive cells unite, they become a single cell that contains two copies of each chromosome.
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