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There are five arteries that branch off of the abdominal aorta:. Variations in the abdominal aorta and its branches are very common and usually occur as a result of changes that occur during embryologic development.
The arteries that show frequent variations include the celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, the renal artery, and the testicular arteries. As the largest blood vessel in the body, the aorta provides a conduit for all the blood flowing to the body from the heart other than the blood that flows to the heart itself. The abdominal aorta conducts blood to organs in the abdominal cavity as well as to the legs and feet.
Also, the aorta helps to control blood pressure by dilating and constricting as necessary. The most common condition to affect the abdominal aorta is an abdominal aortic aneurysm. An abdominal aortic aneurysm consists of a weakening of the wall of the aorta just above the point where it bifurcates into the left and right common iliac arteries. Abdominal aortic aneurysms are more common in men and among people aged 65 years and older.
While an aneurysm can occur in other parts of the aorta, the abdomen is the area least likely to show significant signs and symptoms. The abdomen allows a lot of room for a weak aorta to expand and grow. It can develop a "bubble" of sorts, which can be compared visually to a snake that swallowed a rat—sort of bloated in one spot.
Signs and symptoms of an abdominal aortic aneurysm are back pain, deep abdominal discomfort, and possibly a pulsating mass in the abdomen. If a rupture occurs in the inside lining of the aorta, the tunica intima, it can lead to blood being forced between the tunica intima and the tunica media the inside and middle layers of the aorta.
Blood forced between them can lead to a separation of the two layers, known as a dissection. Dissections can also happen in the other parts of the aorta that live in the thoracic cavity the chest , but abdominal aortic aneurysms are the most common. Sign up for our Health Tip of the Day newsletter, and receive daily tips that will help you live your healthiest life. Aortic Aneurysm. Multiple variations in the paired arteries of the abdominal aorta.
Clin Anat. Preventive Services Task Force. The media has an average thickness of 1 mm for an adult. The portion of the aorta that is located in the chest thorax is referred to as the thoracic aorta, while the abdominal aorta is located in the abdomen. The abdominal aorta extends from the diaphragm to the mid-abdomen where it splits into the iliac arteries that supply the legs with blood.
The aorta is the large artery that carries oxygen-rich blood from the left ventricle of the heart to other parts of the body.
Shortness of breath, a raspy voice. Pain in the left shoulder or between the shoulder blades. Pain in the groin. The aorta is a tube about a foot long and just over an inch in diameter. The aorta is divided into four sections: The ascending aorta rises up from the heart and is about 2 inches long. The coronary arteries branch off the ascending aorta to supply the heart with blood. Elastic arteries include the largest arteries in the body , those closest to the heart, and give rise to the smaller muscular arteries.
The pulmonary arteries, the aorta, and its branches together comprise the body's system of elastic arteries. The two aortas are connected by a number of vessels, one passing through each of the gills.
The pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs into the left atrium where it is returned to systemic circulation. The aorta is the largest artery in the body. It carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle of the heart into systemic circulation. Ascending Aorta : The aorta has three parts : the ascending, the arch and the descending.
When the left ventricle contracts it forces blood into the aorta. The right ventricle has a much thinner muscle wall so its contraction is weaker so less stretching force is exerted on the pulmonary artery so it does not need to be as thick.
Compared with the left ventricle which has thick strong walls that can contract powerfully which requires the aorta to be strong and thick to withstand the huge pressure increase when the left ventricle contracts to force blood out. Onion cells are arranged in a closely packaged way. This is so that they layers of the onion can be thick and tough. The aorta's walls are so thick because it needs to be able to withstand high blood pressure. If they are too thin, the would burst, and your heart would stop pumping blood.
A heart without blood is unable to sustain human life. If the walls were thick than blood could not get through. The cardiovascular system can be described as three parts: the pump, the pipes, and the fluid. As the pump, the heart walls, specifically in the ventricles, are made of thick muscle, in order to generate enough force to move blood to the rest of the body.
The aorta on the other hand is part of the pipe system. The do not need to generate movement, so thick walls are unnecessary. The walls of the aorta do flex and contract was blood is pumped through them, but it is in response to the heart muscle contraction, and this flexibility allows it to maintain a stable blood pressure. Aorta, which then branches into the ascending and decending branches of the aorta, and so on. The aorta is a very large artery and so it is part of the cardiovascular system.
A cell that is double walled is a plant cell. This is because the plant cells can't move so they need extra protection. Relative to the walls of arteries, the veins' walls are thinner, because the pressure of the blood in the veins is much lower; so low in fact, that valves are required to prevent blood in the veins flowing backwards. The aorta is widest at the point where it connects to the heart's left ventricle through the aortic valve; then, it gets progressively narrower as it descends into the abdomen.
The aorta also has three layers in its wall. The tunica intima is the inner layer. This layer is a smooth surface where the blood flows on. It is thin and made of endothelial cells and supporting tissue. The tunica media is the middle layer. This layer is made of smooth muscle, elastic tissue, and collagen. The tunica adventitia is the outer layer. This layer is made of connective tissue like collagen and a network of small blood vessels known as vasa vasorum whose function is to nourish the aorta.
The aorta is located at different parts of the body. For people that have dextrocardia a condition where the heart is located on the right side of the body , the aorta is usually on the right side instead of on the left side. There is a birth defect known as coarctation of the aorta, in which a part of the aorta is significantly narrower than it ordinarily should be.
The narrowing is usually found right after the arteries that supply blood to the head and arms have arisen from the aorta. There is a common birth defect where babies are born with what is known as a bicuspid aortic valve.
Usually, the aortic valve has three leaflets or "cups" through which blood passes into the aorta. With a bicuspid aortic valve, there are only two. While birth defects involving the aorta can cause various health issues, for the most part, when caught and corrected, they won't cause negative effects. The main function of the aorta is to supply blood to almost all the major organs in the body through the smaller arteries that arise from it.
Broken down, the function of the different parts of the aorta are:. There are several conditions with serious complications that center around or affect the aorta.
Aortic aneurysm: An aortic aneurysm is a weakened point on the aorta. It occurs when the aorta is not able to contract and expand to accommodate the passage of blood properly. It is a serious condition because if the aorta ruptures at that spot, it can lead to severe internal bleeding and other serious complications. Aortic atherosclerosis: This is when plaque made up of substances like cholesterol and calcium collects and hardens inside the aorta blocking the free flow of blood through it and weakening the aortic walls.
It can lead to aortic aneurysms, arterial thrombosis, strokes, and anginas. Aortic dissection : This is when blood flows between the inner and middle layers of the aortic wall through a tear in the inner layer.
It is typically caused by atherosclerosis, hypertension, connective tissue disorders, and injuries. Instead, the cause is ulcers formed due to wear of the aortic wall which is caused by atherosclerosis. Aortoenteric Fistula AEF : This is a rare condition in which an abnormal connection forms between the aorta and the bowel.
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