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This chapter will demonstrate how to write an XML Schema. You will also learn that a schema can be written in different ways. The XML document above consists of a root element, "shiporder", that contains a required attribute called "orderid".
The "shiporder" element contains three different child elements: "orderperson", "shipto" and "item". The "item" element appears twice, and it contains a "title", an optional "note" element, a "quantity", and a "price" element. We start by opening a new file that we will call "shiporder. To create the schema we could simply follow the structure in the XML document and define each element as we find it. We will start with the standard XML declaration followed by the xs:schema element that defines a schema:.
Next, we have to define the "shiporder" element. This element has an attribute and it contains other elements, therefore we consider it as a complex type. The child elements of the "shiporder" element is surrounded by a xs:sequence element that defines an ordered sequence of sub elements:. Then we have to define the "orderperson" element as a simple type because it does not contain any attributes or other elements.
The type xs:string is prefixed with the namespace prefix associated with XML Schema that indicates a predefined schema data type:. Next, we have to define two elements that are of the complex type: "shipto" and "item". I am interested in knowing more about the process that allows the XML files to actually locate the schema that validates it. I'm asking after testing three different xml headers below and noticing that the schema correctly validates with any variant.
The XSD spec does not constrain the methods used by XSD validators to locate a schema for a document; it does define the xsi:schemaLocation hint to allow validators to read schema location information from the XML instance itself, but most validators accept schema bindings at invocation time.
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