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That made the transmission rather easy for them, but it also made it harder to let the Mark disappear from their minds. To this day, billions of Deutsche Mark bills and coins are still circulating or just lying somewhere in safes, under mattresses, or in collecting albums.
The relationship of the Germans towards their Deutsche Mark has always been something special. This relationship has begun just after the Second World War, as the Reichsmark was no longer in use because of the high inflation and the lack of economic coverage. Therefore, people in post-war Germany did just help themselves by reintroducing a very old and basic way of paying: They practiced barter. Sometimes they bartered food, sometimes resources, but many times they used cigarettes as a "currency".
Those have been very rare after the war, and therefore, a good thing to swap for other things. In , one single cigarette had the value of about 10 Reichsmark, which equals a purchasing power of about 32 euros today.
This led to inflation in the Soviet-occupied zone in East-Germany and to the first tension between the occupants. It forced the Soviets to introduce its own eastern version of the mark in its zone. During the Wirtschaftswunder in the s, the Deutsche Mark became more and more successful, and in the following years, it became a hard currency with international standing.
Even in other countries, it was adopted as legal tender during hard times, such as in parts of the former Yugoslavia. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, it is — more or less — still used today. It was linked to the Deutsche Mark and is now linked to the euro, but is called the Convertible Mark, and the bills and coins have a different look. The Deutsche Mark has overcome many hard times and has always seemed to represent the values of Germany, such as stability and prosperity.
That is one of many reasons why people still mourn the days of the Mark, especially during the financial crisis. However, that does not seem to be the reason why so many Marks are still circulation, according to the Deutsche Bundesbank. Not only has a large amount of the money been transferred abroad mainly to the former Yugoslavia , but also, it is sometimes the way in which many Germans saved their money over the years.
People often mistrusted the banks, especially the older generation, and just hid cash somewhere in the house. That's why many cases are documented where large amounts of Deutsche Marks are discovered in houses or flats after the occupants died. The Allies had already transported 2. Against the wishes of the Soviets, the new currency, along with the Marshall Plan that backed it, appeared to have the potential to revitalize Germany.
Stalin looked to force the Western nations to abandon Berlin. The day after the June 18, announcement of the new Deutsche Mark, Soviet guards halted all passenger trains and traffic on the autobahn to Berlin, delayed Western and German freight shipments, and required that all water transport secure special Soviet permission. On June 21, the day the Deutsche Mark was introduced, the Soviet military halted a United States military supply train to Berlin and sent it back to western Germany.
On June 22, the Soviets announced that they would introduce a new currency in their zone. On June 24, the Soviets severed land and water connections between the non-Soviet zones and Berlin. That same day, they halted all rail and barge traffic in and out of Berlin. On June 25, the Soviets stopped supplying food to the civilian population in the non-Soviet sectors of Berlin.
Motor traffic from Berlin to the western zones was permitted, but this required a Militarily, the Americans and British were greatly outnumbered because of the postwar reduction in their armies.
The United States, like other western countries, had disbanded most of its troops and was largely inferior in the European theater. The entire United States Army was reduced to , men by February Military forces in the western sectors of Berlin numbered only 8, Americans, 7, British, and 6, French.
Soviet military forces in the Soviet sector that surrounded Berlin totaled 1. The two United States regiments in Berlin could have provided little resistance against a Soviet attack. Believing that Britain, France, and the United States had little option than to acquiesce, the Soviet Military Administration in Germany celebrated the beginning of the blockade.
Although the ground routes were never negotiated, the same was not true of the air. On November 30, , it was agreed in writing that there would be three mile-wide air corridors providing free access to Berlin. Additionally, unlike a force of tanks and trucks, the Soviets could not claim that cargo aircraft were some sort of military threat. In the face of unarmed aircraft refusing to turn around, the only way to enforce the blockade would have been to shoot them down.
An airlift would force the Soviet Union to either shoot down unarmed humanitarian aircraft, thus breaking their own agreements, or back down. Enforcing this would require an airlift that really worked.
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