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The bonds that carbon forms with other elements are very strong which makes these compounds exceptionally stable. The reason for the formation of strong bonds by carbon is its small size that enables the nucleus to hold on to the shared pairs of electrons strongly.
The bonds formed by elements having larger atoms are much weaker. The different structures form from the compound are called isomers. Isomerism is also a reason of availability of large number of carbon compounds. Electron dot structures or Lewis Structures. Pingback: Allotropes of Carbon — Freakgenie. Pingback: Carbon and its Compounds — Introduction — Freakgenie.
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Featured on Meta. Now live: A fully responsive profile. Version labels for answers. Carbon has the atomic number of 6, meaning each carbon atom has a total of six electrons.
This basically means that carbon has four valence electrons outer electrons that are available for forming bonds with other atoms. The carbon atom also has the ability to form a bond with other carbon atoms to create covalent bonds forming long strings of carbon atoms, bonded to each other like links in a chain. Silicon Si , another element in group 14 of the periodic table, also has four valence electrons and can make large molecules called silicones.
But due to its higher atomic number in comparison to Carbon , its atoms are too large to fit together into as great a variety of molecules as carbon atoms can. What makes carbon unique is its ability in forming covalent bonds which are very strong in nature. The small size of the carbon atom makes the compounds of Carbon exceptionally stable. Hence carbon as an element has the ability to form a variety of stable compounds, which can exist freely in nature.
Example: saturated hydrocarbons like Propane and Ethane. Carbon due to its tetravalent nature has the unique property to form bonds with other atoms of carbon forming a long chain. Because of its property of catenation, carbon can form aStraight chainBranched chainCyclic ring. The astounding compound-forming ability of the element comes from the capacity of its atoms bind to each other not only in straight chains but in complex branchings, like the branches of a tree.
The element has practically no limit to the number or complexity of the branches or the number of rings that can be attached to them, thus making it unique as there is no limit to the number of different molecules that can be formed. Carbon atoms have the ability to share not only a single electron with another atom forming a single bond, but it can also share two or three electrons, forming a double or triple bond.
This characteristic of carbon allows it to form a high number of possible bond combinations at different places, making a huge number of different possible molecules.
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