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Strictly speaking, logic is the science or study of how to evaluate arguments and reasoning. It's not a matter of opinion, it's a science of how arguments must be formed in order to be reasonable or correct. Obviously, a better understanding is critical for helping us reason and think better. Without it, it's too easy for us to fall into error.
The term "critical thinking" is used often but it isn't always properly understood. Put simply, critical thinking means developing reliable, rational evaluations of an argument or idea. Critical thinking is a means for separating truth from falsehood and reasonable from unreasonable beliefs. It frequently involves finding flaws in the arguments of others, but that's not all that it's about.
It's not simply about criticizing ideas, it is about developing the ability to think about ideas with greater critical distance. Arguments are about disagreement - people aren't likely to argue over things they agree on. As obvious as that may be, it isn't always as obvious what, exactly, people disagree on.
This is especially true for those who are caught up in the midst of a disagreement. This is a problem because disagreements can't be resolved if those involved don't recognize what their disagreement is really about - or worse yet, actually disagree on what they disagree about.
If those involved don't work that out, the only thing they'll accomplish by arguing is to create more animosity. Propaganda is any organized, coordinated effort to convince masses of people to adopt some particular idea, belief, attitude, or viewpoint. It's easiest to see government propaganda in the context of wartime. The label is also applicable to the efforts of corporations to buy their products, to apologists trying to get people to adopt their religion and many other situations.
Inductive reasoning is "bottom up," meaning that it takes specific information and makes a broad generalization that is considered probable, allowing for the fact that the conclusion may not be accurate. This type of reasoning usually involves a rule being established based on a series of repeated experiences. Premises: An umbrella prevents you from getting wet in the rain. Ashley took her umbrella, and she did not get wet.
Conclusion: In this case, you could use inductive reasoning to offer an opinion that it was probably raining. Explanation: Your conclusion, however, would not necessarily be accurate because Ashley would have remained dry whether it rained and she had an umbrella, or it didn't rain at all. Premises: Every three-year-old you see at the park each afternoon spends most of their time crying and screaming.
Premises: Twelve out of the 20 houses on the block burned down. Each fire was caused by faulty wiring. Conclusion: If more than half the homes have faulty wiring, all homes on the block have faulty wiring.
Explanation: Mike might not have encountered any traffic signals at all. Therefore, he might have been able to avoid accidents even without stopping at a red light. As these examples show, you can use logic to solve problems and to draw conclusions. Sometimes those conclusions are correct conclusions, and sometimes they are inaccurate. When you use deductive reasoning, you arrive at correct logical arguments while inductive reasoning may or may not provide you with a correct outcome.
Check out examples of logical fallacies to see what incorrect logical reasoning looks like. All rights reserved. Example of Formal Logic. Definitions of Logic Logic can include the act of reasoning by humans in order to form thoughts and opinions, as well as classifications and judgments. The foundation of a logical argument is its proposition , or statement.
The proposition is either accurate true or not accurate false. Premises are the propositions used to build the argument. The argument is then built on premises. The OR function is a logical function to test multiple conditions at the same time. The OR function can be used as the logical test inside the Skip to main content.
Excel IF Function. Return value. Excel Usage notes. IF formula examples. Get next scheduled event. Win loss points calculation. Validate input with check mark. This formula is a good example of nesting one function inside another.
In the example shown, we want to "mark" or "flag" records where the color is either red OR green AND the quantity is greater than The core of the formula is the logical test inside the IF function, which looks like Student class enrollment with table.
Note the purpose of this example is to how one way to "normalize" data when the order of values is random. There are many ways to approach this problem.
This formula relies on a technique called "nested IFs" to handle a series of options and results. With nested IFs, one IF function is nested inside another, a process that is explained in some detail here. The formula Transpose table without zeros. Logistics , which involves such concerns as the delivery of personnel or supplies in an efficient manner, can often employ logic, such as by reasoning out the path least likely to interrupt the flow of a delivery: As with many other areas of the economy, the digital revolution is having a profound effect on delivery logistics.
Examples of logic in a Sentence If you just use a little logic , you'll see I'm right. There's no logic in your reasoning. There's some logic to what he says.
There's a certain logic in what he says. The revolution proceeded according to its own logic. Recent Examples on the Web The effect is to scramble the typical narrative logic of motivation.
First Known Use of logic 12th century, in the meaning defined at sense 1a 1. Learn More About logic. Time Traveler for logic The first known use of logic was in the 12th century See more words from the same century. Phrases Related to logic against all logic defy logic.
Style: MLA. More Definitions for logic.
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