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Hypertension is a major risk factor for disease in the key vascular beds Vascular refers to the network of blood vessels in the body of the central nervous system brain and eye , heart, and kidneys. Neurovascular complications are stroke and damage to the retina; cardiovascular complications include abnormal enlargement of the left ventricle, heart attack, and congestive heart failure; and hypertension is a major cause and accelerator of chronic kidney disease CKD.
Importantly, effective treatment of hypertension decreases the relative risk of ischemic stroke by percent, the relative risk of heart attack by percent, and the relative risk of congestive heart failure by as much as 50 percent. Despite intensive study for more than years, it is surprising that we still do not know exactly what represents an optimal resting blood pressure.
Although experts and various societies have come to general consensus, controversies remain, so we can expect guidelines and recommendations will continue to change, as they have since the first statement from the Joint National Committee JNC-1 in Current goal blood pressure targets depend on age and whether other conditions e.
Lifestyle modifications are recommended for all patients. Such recommendations include weight loss for those who are overweight, a heart-healthy diet low in sodium less than mg and high in potassium e. High Blood Pressure. Section Navigation. Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Syndicate. High Blood Pressure Symptoms and Causes. Minus Related Pages.
On This Page. What is blood pressure? What do blood pressure numbers mean? What are normal blood pressure numbers? What is high blood pressure hypertension?
What are the signs and symptoms of high blood pressure? What causes high blood pressure? What problems does high blood pressure cause? What can I do to prevent or manage high blood pressure? Close You can manage your blood pressure to lower your risk for serious health problems that may affect your heart, brain, kidneys, and eyes. Learn about conditions related to high blood pressure.
Measure Your Blood Pressure. Prevent and Manage Your Blood Pressure. J Am Coll Cardiol. Top of Page. Get Email Updates. To receive email updates about this page, enter your email address: Email Address. Written by American Heart Association editorial staff and reviewed by science and medicine advisers.
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Know your blood pressure numbers and make changes that matter to protect your health. If your blood pressure is unusually high AND you have headache or nosebleed and are feeling unwell, wait five minutes and retest.
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