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Opioid misuse has received much attention in the media recently, as it continues to devastate communities across the country. If you take them properly and for a short amount of time, prescription opioids may safely relieve your pain. Message and data rates may apply. Go to UPMC. According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse , opioids attach themselves to opiate-sensitive nerve cells that produce the same chemical that creates pleasure for performing survival tasks, like eating.
Opioids can relieve pain, induce slow breathing, and reduce coughing. Opioids also increase feelings of pleasure and relaxation. If you take opioids for a long period of time, they change the way nerve cells react in your brain, leading to physical dependency. If you abruptly stop taking opiates, you may suffer withdrawal symptoms, which can feel worse than a severe flu.
The dysfunction can cause a host of unpleasant symptoms. Cramping, constipation and bloating are all likely. Sometimes even more serious gastrointestinal problems like diverticular disease occur. Narcotic bowel syndrome occurs when the drug user is physically affected after eating. Symptoms include vomiting, nausea, and intense abdominal pain.
The most common issue is constipation. Constant drug use destroys the liver. Opiates can severely harm the organ. Vicodin and Lortab are especially damaging. When people misuse these drugs and mix them with alcohol or other painkillers, the effect on the liver is catastrophic. These are just a few of the more common ways that opiates can ruin your body.
The damage is often permanent and fatal. People who are tempted to try opiates recreationally should consider if they think the negative consequences are worth it.
Opiates are very bad for your heart. Recreational users may have other problems as well. A lot of people who use heroin inject it into their veins so they can feel a more immediate high. Your veins can collapse if you inject too many needles into them. Your immune system is likely to suffer after prolonged opiate abuse.
Fentanyl is particularly harmful. Some recreational users begin taking opiates because they believe that the drugs will help them sleep. However, long-term addicts often have to deal with sleep-related breathing problems. Sleep apnea is when the breath becomes fitful and starts and stops during the night. This is extremely common among opiate users.
Long-term abuse can lead to problems with sexual dysfunction as well as infertility. If the hormonal imbalance is severe, it can lead to insulin resistance and diabetes.
Tens of thousands of Americans and Canadians are dying from prescription drug overdoses every single year. The number is getting worse rather than improving. People who mix their drugs with alcohol or other depressants have an increased chance of suffering from an overdose.
When you take too much of an opiate, you lose consciousness as your respiratory system becomes depressed and less oxygen makes it to your brain. Millions of people in the world die every year from opiate overdoses.
A lot of people die after taking medication that was legally prescribed to them. People who are into street drugs are at risk of death as well. Oxycodone and Hydrocodone are among the most frequently prescribed painkillers.
Both of these substances have been implicated in thousands of deaths. There are now methods in place to save people who are overdosing on opiate drugs. Narcan is the brand name of a very special and very controversial medication known as naloxone.
It can be used to halt an opioid overdose. It may be the only way to save a life. Taking opiates can cause you to stop breathing. If this happens, Narcan is your best shot. Everyone who cares for an opioid addict should understand how to use Narcan. It needs to be administered immediately. The brain is in a particularly dangerous spot. Brain damage can occur if the brain goes too long without sufficient oxygen. One dose is likely enough to revolve someone.
These drugs bind to opiate receptors in the brain, spinal cord, and other locations in the body. This blocks the perception of pain. Opiates can cause feelings of well-being, but they can also cause side effects such as nausea, confusion, and drowsiness.
In addition to relieving pain, opiates can lead to feelings of euphoria. While these drugs are often very effective in treating pain, people can eventually develop a tolerance, so they require higher doses to achieve the same effects. As the effects of opiate drugs become more tolerated, people may begin taking increasingly higher doses to experience the same pain-relieving effects and to reduce symptoms of withdrawal. Symptoms of opiate withdrawal can include anxiety, muscle aches, irritability, insomnia, runny nose, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal cramping.
What makes prescription opiates so potentially dangerous? They affect powerful reward systems in the brain. Some people can even become addicted when taking them exactly as prescribed, but the dangers can be increased by not taking them as directed or by combining them with other substances including alcohol and other drugs. Also, there are individual differences in genetic vulnerability to opiate addiction. An estimated 50 million adults in the U. When taken as directed, they are generally not likely to lead to overuse or addiction.
People who use opiates to control pain should contact their healthcare provider if they believe they may be developing a tolerance or addiction. For more mental health resources, see our National Helpline Database.
Learn the best ways to manage stress and negativity in your life. National Institute on Drug Abuse. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Updated March 5, Prescription opioid use is a risk factor for heroin use.
Updated January Shah M, Huecker MR.
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