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The performance of these off-road tires is adequate on mud, rock, sand, etc. This was proven during a test conducted by the TireRack team. These tires can also be used all year, including in cold winters. In temperatures lower that 7C, their performance will be mediocre at best; much worse than that of winter tires. Using such off-road tires only on paved roads may result in cupping , while using them only off-road may be insufficient.
In this case, you may require a more aggressive tread. You can learn more about all-terrain tires and how they differ from other types from this post. Mud-terrain tires are mostly for off-road use, especially on muddy surfaces. Their tread is more aggressive, the blocks are larger, and the channels are wider.
Dirt, debris, and mud channels through the grooves, just as water does in regular street tires. The same goes for deep snow, so mud-terrain tires are good for year-round use. MT tires have stiff sidewalls, which absorb shock from impacting uneven surfaces. The tread is also quite durable, but not as much as all-terrain tires. The rubber compounds in these off-road tires are softer, providing better grip on all surfaces.
This is why they wear faster and cost more. MT tires are also noisy and rough when used on highways, and may be less stable on wet roads. Not always considered off-road tires yet worth mentioning, winter tires are for snowy, icy surfaces, and cold times of the year.
Their rubber compounds are soft enough to remain pliable in temperatures lower than C. These on- and off-road tires bite into snow and ice with the help of the thinner grooves on their tread blocks — known as sipes. They have a number of advantages over all-terrain tires , but their major drawback is they are only for cold seasons.
When the weather becomes warmer, they can no longer provide adequate performance. These have special extrusions that appear horizontally across the tire or in a V-shape. They help churn sand and move through it successfully. Such off-road tires are usually specialized and used for particular sport activities and tours.
On top of that main layer, there are several stabilizing plies. Such tires usually cause less rolling resistance, improving fuel economy. Moreover, they provide smoother rides, which makes them great for street use. Radial tires also take longer to wear and help keep a vehicle under control. Most tires on the modern market are radial, but are not in the off-road niche.
Bias-ply tires have been proven to be better for off-road use, due to the shared casing plies for their tread and sidewalls. While radials have plies at a degree angle, bias-ply tires have crisscrossed steel layers at a degree angle.
The shared plies improve tire flexibility, and allow for better traction and self-cleaning capacities. However, the increased flexibility is also a disadvantage if used on-road.
It causes more rolling resistance, which increases fuel consumption. It is important to check the tire pressure with a gauge at least once a month. Overinflation causes tires to wear more in the center of the tread. The tire pressure should never exceed the maximum that is listed on the side of the tire. Car manufacturers often suggest a lower pressure than the maximum because the tires will give a softer ride. But running the tires at a higher pressure will improve mileage.
Misalignment of the wheels causes either the inside or the outside to wear unevenly, or to have a rough, slightly torn appearance. Sign up for our Newsletter! Mobile Newsletter banner close.
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Under the Hood. How Tires Work. Next Up. Do you know what all the markings on your tires mean? How Tires are Made. What All the Numbers Mean Each section of small print on a tire's sidewall means something: Tire Type The P designates that the tire is a passenger vehicle tire.
Your tire's UTQG rating tells you three things: Tread Wear : This number comes from testing the tire in controlled conditions on a government test track. The higher the number, the longer you can expect the tread to last. Since no one will drive his or her car on exactly the same surfaces and at the same speeds as the government test track, the number is not an accurate indicator of how long your tread will actually last.
It's a good relative measure, however: You can expect a tire with a larger number to last longer than one with a smaller number. This rating is based on the tire's ability to stop a car on wet concrete and asphalt.
It does not indicate the tire's cornering ability. Temperature : The tire temperature ratings are A , B or C. The rating is a measure of how well the tire dissipates heat and how well it handles the buildup of heat. The temperature grade applies to a properly inflated tire that is not overloaded. Underinflation, overloading or excessive speed can lead to more heat buildup.
Excessive heat buildup can cause tires to wear out faster, or could even lead to tire failure. Service Description The service description consists of two things: Load Ratings : The load rating is a number that correlates to the maximum rated load for that tire. A higher number indicates that the tire has a higher load capacity. The rating "," for example, corresponds to a load capacity of pounds A separate note on the tire indicates the load rating at a given inflation pressure.
Speed Rating : The letter that follows the load rating indicates the maximum speed allowable for this tire as long as the weight is at or below the rated load.
For instance, S indicates that the tire can handle speeds up to mph See the chart on this page for all the ratings. Tire Traction There are a lot of different terms used today in the tire industry.
Edges of pockets or slots at angles between 35 and 90 degrees from the direction of travel. Severe winter traction icon The idea is to give the tread pattern enough void space so that it can bite through the snow and get traction. How Tires Support a Car You may have wondered how a car tire with 30 pounds per square inch psi of pressure can support a car.
A properly inflated tire and an underinflated or overloaded tire. Problems With Tires The wear patterns of an underinflated, properly inflated and overinflated tire. Tire FAQ What are tires made of? A tire is made up of several different materials, including steel, polyester and rubber. What does the small print on a tire mean?
The sections of small print on a tire's sidewall mean, the tire type, tire width, aspect ratio, tire construction, rim diameter, uniform tire quality grading and service description. What are common problems with tires? Have you ever wondered about the science behind a tread pattern? Why some tires have a lot of cuts, some are almost slick, some are asymmetric, and some are directional? The only contact a car has with the road is the tire so tread patterns play a critical role on how well the tire performs in different road conditions.
Click Here to Read More Advertisement H ave you ever wondered about the science behind a tread pattern? Engineers spend hundreds of hours developing a pattern that will provide optimum performance in the realm of target conflict, where expectations are really high. They have to consider the interaction between the tread pattern and compound to assure the interaction will not compromise the other performances.
While tread patterns have a major role in the performance of each and every tire, engineers mainly focus on dry braking, noise, wet braking, handling, PRAT Ply Steer Residual Aligning Torque , irregular wear, and snow and ice traction in regards to the design of a tread pattern. Besides tire performance attributes, creating an attractive look is an important aspect of a tread pattern design, too.
Advertisement The challenge when designing a tire is managing the trade-offs, where improvement of one performance attribute will result in a performance reduction in another area.
A slick tire provides a maximum contact patch with the road and delivers ultimate performance in dry conditions. However, the same exact tire will not be driveable on a snowy road. Winter tires with a lot of sipes will provide excellent snow performance, but are not ideal on dry roads.
On a snowy road, sipes will act like claws, digging into snow to move the vehicle through it. The same is true regarding the target conflict between wet braking and dry braking. The tread pattern should be designed to evacuate water quickly from the tire in wet conditions through circumferential and lateral grooves tire void.
A tire with a high void concept large grooves in circumerential and lateral will provide excellent wet braking performance, however, a high void pattern reduces the contact patch, resulting in lower dry braking.
Developing an optimum tread pattern to deliver both performances is always challenging for tire engineers. Advertisement Noise and irregular wear are the other two main tire attributes that should be considered during tread pattern development. The number of pitches, sequencing the tread pattern pitches and the position of different grooves will affect noise performance.
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