VISIT WEBSITE >>>>> http://gg.gg/y83ws?474523 <<<<<<
This type of farming is more sustainable. Water management - water can be stored in earth dams in the wet season and used to irrigate crops during the dry season. This is an example of using appropriate technology to manage water supplies in the desert environment. Magic stones or bunds are circles of stones placed on the ground to hold water on the soil rather than letting it run quickly over the surface.
Desertification can also be avoided by creating economic opportunities in drylands urban centers and areas outside drylands. Changes in overall economic and institutional settings that create new opportunities for people to earn a living could help relieve current pressures underlying the desertification processes. Urban growth, when undertaken with adequate planning and provision of services , infrastructure, and facilities, can be a major factor in relieving pressures that cause desertification in drylands.
Reversal of Land Degradation. The goal of rehabilitation and restoration approaches is to restore ecosystem services that have been lost due to desertification. This is achieved through a positive change in the interaction between people and ecosystems. Restoration is an alteration of a degraded site to reestablish a defined native ecosystem state and all its functions and services. Rehabilitation seeks to repair damaged or blocked parts or sectors of ecosystem functions, with the primary goal of regaining ecosystem productivity.
Like the benefits of increased education or improved governance, the protection, restoration, and enhancement of ecosystem services tend to have multiple benefits C2. Effective restoration and rehabilitation of desertified drylands require a combination of policies and technologies and the close involvement of local communities.
Examples of measures to restore and rehabilitate include establishment of seed banks , restocking of soil organic matter and organisms that promote higher plant establishment and growth, and reintroduction of selected species. Other rehabilitation practices include investing in land through practices such as terracing and other counter-erosion measures, control of invasive species, chemical and organic nutrient replenishment, and reforestation.
Policies that create incentives for rehabilitation include capacity building , capital investment, and supportive institutions. Community involvement in conceptualization, design, and implementation is essential for rehabilitation approaches. For example, many of the policies for combating desertification tried in the Sahel during the s and s failed because they did not involve local land managers C For desertified areas, rehabilitation strategies have a mix of positive and negative impacts on ecosystems , human well-being , and poverty reduction.
The success of rehabilitation practices depends on the availability of human resources, capital for operation and maintenance, infrastructure development, the degree of dependence on external sources of technology, and cultural perceptions. Adequate access to these resources, combined with due consideration of the needs of local communities , can lead to successful rehabilitation of some ecosystem services and hence reduce poverty.
Some success stories have been observed; for example, farmers in the Machakos Kenya restored degraded lands. This was achieved through access to markets, off-farm income, and technologies that increased land and labor productivity faster than population growth.
In cases where these conditions are not met, efforts to rehabilitate fail. For example, in response to the s Dust Bowl in the United States, major policy interventions were introduced, including zoning laws for the most fragile areas, repurchases of submarginal private land, cash payments for leaving land fallow, and farm loans tied to approved land practices.
These economic reforms, coupled with the migration of 1 million people in —70, could not prevent the return of the problem as Dust Bowl II in the s and Dust Bowl III in the s.
This demonstrates that restoring degraded dryland services may be difficult even with major policy and technological interventions C5. ES, C5 Box 5. This summary is free and ad-free, as is all of our content. You can help us remain free and independant as well as to develop new ways to communicate science by becoming a Patron! Home » Desertification » Level 3 » Question 6. Previous Question. Prevention is a lot more cost-effective than rehabilitation, and this should be taken into account in policy decisions.
Addressing desertification is critical and essential to meeting the Millennium Development Goals which aim to eradicate extreme poverty and ensuring environmental sustainability amongst other objectives.
On average, human populations in drylands have a lower quality of life than people in other areas. Worldwide, approximately half of the people living below the poverty line live in drylands and their societies are particularly vulnerable as a result of dryland ecosystem conditions and poverty.
Addressing desertification would therefore contribute to the eradication of extreme poverty and hunger. The creation of a "culture of prevention" can go a long way toward protecting drylands when desertification is just beginning and even when it is ongoing. It has been shown that dryland populations , building on long-term experience and active innovation, can stay ahead of desertification by improving agricultural and grazing practices in a sustainable way.
Rehabilitation and restoration approaches can help restore ecosystem services that have been lost due to desertification.
Restoration aims to reestablish a previous ecosystem state and all its functions and services , while rehabilitation seeks to repair specific parts of the systems, in order to regain ecosystem productivity. Effective restoration and rehabilitation of desertified drylands require a combination of policies and technologies and the close involvement of local communities.
Examples of actions to restore and rehabilitate ecosystems include:.
Комментарии